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Describe how science influences decisions made by individuals and societies.
Kindergarten
1. Recognize that germs exist and may cause disease.
2. Describe how science helps provide products we use every day (e.g., gasoline
for cars; electricity for lights, refrigerators, TVs; gas or electricity for
heating, cooking).
1st Grade
1. Know that germs can be transmitted by touching, breathing, and coughing,
and that washing hands helps prevent the spread of germs.
2. Describe how science has assisted in creating tools (e.g., plows, knives,
telephones, cell phones, computers) to make life easier and more efficient.
3. Describe how tools and machines can be helpful, harmful, or both (e.g.,
bicycles, cars, scissors, stoves).
4. Know that men and women of all ethnic and social backgrounds practice science
and technology.
2nd Grade
1. Describe ways to prevent the spread of germs (e.g., soap, bleach, cooking).
2. Know that science has ways to help living things avoid sickness or recover
from sickness (e.g., vaccinations, medicine) and adult supervision is needed
to administer them.
3. Know that some materials are better than others for making particular things
(e.g., paper, cardboard, plastic, metal, fiberglass, wood). Understand that
everybody can do science, invent things, and formulate ideas.
4. Know that science has discovered many things about objects, events, and
nature and that there are many more questions to be answered.
3rd Grade
1. Describe how food packaging (e.g., airtight containers, date) and preparation
(heating, cooling, salting, smoking, drying) extend food life and the safety
of foods (e.g., elimination of bacteria).
2. Know that science produces information for the manufacture and recycling
of materials (e.g., materials that can be recycled [aluminum, paper, plastic]
and others that cannot [gasoline]).
3. Know that naturally occurring materials (e.g., wood, clay, cotton, animal
skins) may be processed or combined with other materials to change their properties.
4. Know that using poisons can reduce the damage to crops caused by rodents,
weeds, and insects, but their use may harm other plants, animals, or the environment.
4th Grade
1. Know that science has identified substances called pollutants that get
into the environment and can be harmful to living things.
2. Know that, through science and technology, a wide variety of materials
not appearing in nature have become available (e.g., steel, plastic, nylon,
fiber optics).
3. Know that science has created ways to store and retrieve information (e.g.,
paper and ink, printing press, computers, CD ROMs) but that these are not perfect
(e.g., faulty programming, defective hardware).
4. Know that both men and women of all races and social backgrounds choose
science as a career.
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Explain how scientific discoveries and inventions have changed individuals and societies.
5th Grade
1. Describe the contributions of science to understanding local or current
issues (e.g., watershed and community decisions regarding water use).
2. Describe how various technologies have affected the lives of individuals
(e.g., transportation, entertainment, health).
6th Grade
1. Examine the role of scientific knowledge in decisions (e.g., space exploration,
what to eat, preventive medicine and medical treatment).
2. Describe the technologies responsible for revolutionizing information processing
and communications (e.g., computers, cellular phones, Internet).
7th Grade
1. Analyze the contributions of science to health as they relate to personal
decisions about smoking, drugs, alcohol, and sexual activity.
2. Analyze how technologies have been responsible for advances in medicine
(e.g., vaccines, antibiotics, microscopes, DNA technologies).
3. Describe how scientific information can help individuals and communities
respond to health emergencies (e.g., CPR, epidemics, HIV, bio-terrorism).
8th Grade
1. Analyze the interrelationship between science and technology (e.g., germ
theory, vaccines).
2. Describe how scientific information can help to explain environmental phenomena
(e.g., floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, fire, extreme weather).
3. Describe how technological revolutions have significantly influenced societies
(e.g., energy production, warfare, space exploration).
4. Critically analyze risks and benefits associated with technologies related
to energy production.
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Examine and analyze how scientific discoveries and their applications affect the world, and explain how societies influence scientific investigations and applications.
Science and Technology
1. Know how science enables technology but also constrains it, and recognize
the difference between real technology and science fiction (e.g., rockets vs.
antigravity machines; nuclear reactors vs. perpetual-motion machines; medical
X-rays vs. Star-Trek tricorders).
2. Understand how advances in technology enable further advances in science
(e.g., microscopes and cellular structure; telescopes and understanding of
the universe).
3. Evaluate the influences of technology on society (e.g., communications,
petroleum, transportation, nuclear energy, computers, medicine, genetic engineering)
including both desired and undesired effects, and including some historical
examples (e.g., the wheel, the plow, the printing press, the lightning rod).
4. Understand the scientific foundations of common technologies (e.g., kitchen
appliances, radio, television, aircraft, rockets, computers, medical X-rays,
selective breeding, fertilizers and pesticides, agricultural equipment).
5. Understand that applications of genetics can meet human needs and can create
new problems (e.g., agriculture, medicine, cloning).
6. Analyze the impact of digital technologies on the availability, creation,
and dissemination of information.
7. Describe how human activities have affected ozone in the upper atmosphere
and how it affects health and the environment.
8. Describe uses of radioactivity (e.g., nuclear power, nuclear medicine,
radiometric dating).
Science and Society
9. Describe how scientific knowledge helps decision makers with local, national,
and global challenges (e.g., Waste Isolation Pilot Project [WIPP], mining,
drought, population growth, alternative energy, climate change).
10. Describe major historical changes in scientific perspectives (e.g., atomic
theory, germs, cosmology, relativity, plate tectonics, evolution) and the experimental
observations that triggered them.
11. Know that societal factors can promote or constrain scientific discovery
(e.g., government funding, laws and regulations about human cloning and genetically
modified organisms, gender and ethnic bias, AIDS research, alternative-energy
research).
12. Explain how societies can change ecosystems and how these changes can
be reversible or irreversible.
13. Describe how environmental, economic, and political interests impact resource
management and use in New Mexico .
14. Describe New Mexico 's role in nuclear science (e.g., Manhattan Project,
WIPP, national laboratories).
Science and Individuals
15. Identify how science has produced knowledge that is relevant to individual
health and material prosperity.
16. Understand that reasonable people may disagree about some issues that
are of interest to both science and religion (e.g., the origin of life on Earth,
the cause of the Big Bang, the future of Earth).
17. Identify important questions that science cannot answer (e.g., questions
that are beyond today's science, decisions that science can only help to make,
questions that are inherently outside of the realm of science).
18. Understand that scientists have characteristics in common with other individuals
(e.g., employment and career needs, curiosity, desire to perform public service,
greed, preconceptions and biases, temptation to be unethical, core values including
honesty and openness).
19. Know that science plays a role in many different kinds of careers and
activities (e.g., public service, volunteers, public office holders, researchers,
teachers, doctors, nurses, technicians, farmers, ranchers).
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