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Understand the concept of location by using and constructing maps, globes, and other geographic tools to identify and derive information about people, places, and environments.
Kindergarten
1. Define relative location of items in the physical environment in terms
of over, under, near, far, up, and down.
2. Define personal direction of front,
back, left, and right.
1st Grade
1. Understand maps and globes as representations of places and phenomena.
2.
Identify and use the four cardinal directions to locate places in community,
state, and tribal districts.
3. Create, use, and describe simple maps to identify locations within familiar
places (e.g., classroom, school, community, state).
2nd Grade
1. Use a variety of maps to locate specific places and regions.
2. Identify
major landforms, bodies of water, and other places of significance in selected
countries, continents, and oceans.
3rd Grade
1. Identify and use the mapping tools of scale, compass rose, grid, symbols,
and mental mapping to locate and draw places on maps and globes.
4th Grade
1. Apply geographic tools of title, grid system, legends, symbols, scale,
and compass rose to construct and interpret maps.
2. Translate geographic information
into a variety of formats such as graphs, maps, diagrams, and charts.
3. Draw conclusions and make generalizations from geographic information and
inquiry.
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Distinguish between natural and human characteristics of places and use this knowledge to define regions, their relationships with other regions, and patterns of change.
Kindergarten
1. Identify natural characteristics of places (e.g., climate, topography).
1st Grade
1. Identify and classify characteristics of places as human or natural.
2.
Identify how traditional tribal and local folklore attempt to explain weather,
characteristics of places, and human origins and relationships.
2nd Grade
1. Describe how climate, natural resources, and natural hazards affect activities
and settlement patterns.
2. Explain how people depend on the environment and
its resources to satisfy
their basic needs.
3rd Grade
1. Describe how human and natural processes can sometimes work together
to shape the appearance of places (e.g., post-fire reforestation).
2. Explore examples
of environmental and social changes in various regions.
4th Grade
1. Identify a region as an area with unifying characteristics (e.g., human,
weather, agriculture, industry, natural characteristics).
2. Describe the regions
of New Mexico, the United States, and the Western Hemisphere.
3. Identify ways in which different individuals and groups of people view
and relate to places and regions.
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Be familiar with aspects of human behavior and man-made and natural environments in order to recognize their impact on the past and present.
Kindergarten
1. Identify family customs and traditions and explain their importance.
2.
Describe the natural characteristics of places (e.g., landforms, bodies of
water, natural resources, and weather).
1st Grade
1. Identify examples of and uses for natural resources in the community, state,
and nation.
2. Describe the human characteristics of places such as housing
types and professions.
2nd Grade
1. Identify ways in which people depend on natural and man-made environments
including natural resources to meet basic needs.
3rd Grade
1. Identify personal behaviors that can affect community planning.
2. Identify
ways in which people have modified their environments (e.g., building roads,
clearing land for development, mining, and constructing towns and
cities).
3. Describe the consequences of human modification of the natural environment
(e.g., use of irrigation to improve crop yields, highways).
4th Grade
1. Explain how geographic factors have influenced people, including
settlement patterns and population distribution in New Mexico, past and present.
2. Describe
how environments, both natural and man-made, have influenced people and events
over time, and describe how places change.
3. Understand how visual
data (e.g., maps, graphs, diagrams, tables, charts) organizes and presents
geographic information.
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Understand how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems
Kindergarten
1. Describe the Earth's physical characteristics.
1st Grade
1. Describe the Earth-Sun relationship and how it affects living conditions
on Earth.
2nd Grade
1. Describe the physical processes that affect the Earth's features
(e.g., weather, erosion).
2. Identify characteristics of physical systems (e.g., water
cycle).
3rd Grade
1. Identify the components of the Earth's biosystems and their makeup
(e.g., air, land, water, plants, and animals).
2. Describe how physical processes shape
features on the Earth's surface.
4th Grade
1. Explain how the Earth-Sun relationships produce day and night, seasons,
major climatic variations, and cause the need for time zones.
2. Describe the
four provinces (plains, mountains, plateau, and basin and range) that make
up New Mexico's land surface (geographic conditions).
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Describe how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict.
Kindergarten
1. Identify classroom population.
1st Grade
1. Identify characteristics of culture (e.g., language, customs, religion,
shelter).
2nd Grade
1. Describe how characteristics of culture affect behaviors and lifestyles.
3rd Grade
1. Describe how patterns of culture vary geographically.
2. Describe how transportation
and communication networks are used in daily life.
3. Describe how cooperation and conflict affect neighborhoods and communities.
4th Grade
1. Describe how cultures change.
2. Describe how geographic factors influence
the location and distribution of economic activities.
3. Describe types and patterns of settlements.
4. Identify the causes of human migration.
5. Describe how and why people create boundaries and describe types of boundaries.
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Describe how natural and man-made changes affect the meaning, use, distribution, and value of resources.
Kindergarten
1. Identify natural resources.
1st Grade
1. Describe the role of resources in daily life.
2. Describe ways that humans
depend upon, adapt to, and affect the physical
environment.
2nd Grade
1. Describe ways that people and groups can conserve and replenish natural
resources.
3rd Grade
1. Identify the characteristics of renewable and nonrenewable resources.
4th Grade
1. Identify the distributions of natural and man-made resources in
New Mexico,
the Southwest, and the United States.
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Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills and perspectives and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues.
5th Grade
1. Make and use different kinds of maps, globes, charts, and databases.
2.
Demonstrate how different areas of the United States are organized and interconnected.
3. Identify and locate each of the fifty states and capitols of the United
States.
4. Identify tribal territories within states.
5. Employ fundamental geographic vocabulary (e.g., latitude, longitude, interdependence,
accessibility, connections).
6. Demonstrate a relational understanding of time zones.
7. Use spatial organization to communicate information.
8. Identify and locate natural and man-made features of local, regional, state,
national, and international locales.
6th Grade
1. Identify the location of places using latitude and longitude.
2. Draw complex
and accurate maps from memory and interpret them to answer questions about
the location of physical features.
7th Grade
1. Describe ways that mental maps reflect attitudes about places.
2. Describe
factors affecting location of human activities, including land use patterns
in urban, suburban, and rural areas.
8th Grade
1. Describe patterns and processes of migration and diffusion.
2. Provide a
historic overview of patterns of population expansion into the West by the
many diverse groups of people (e.g., Native Americans, European
Americans, and others) to include movement into the Southwest along established
settlement, trade, and rail routes.
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Explain the physical and human characteristics of places and use this knowledge to define regions, their relationships with other regions, and their patterns of change.
5th Grade
1. Describe human and natural characteristics of places.
2. Describe similarities
and differences among regions of the globe, and their
patterns of change.
6th Grade
1. Explain how places change due to human activity.
2. Explain how places and
regions serve as cultural symbols and explore the influences and effects
of regional symbols.
3. Identify a region by its formal,
functional, or perceived characteristics.
7th Grade
1. Select and explore a region by its distinguishing characteristics.
2. Describe
the role of technology in shaping the characteristics of places.
3.
Explain how and why regions change using global examples.
4. Describe geographically
based pathways of inter-regional interaction (e.g., Camino Real's role in
establishing a major trade and communication route in
the New World, the significance of waterways).
8th Grade
1. Describe how individual and cultural characteristics affect perceptions
of locales and regions.
2. Describe political, population, and economic regions
that result from patterns
of human activity, using New Mexico as an example.
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Understand how human behavior impacts man-made and natural environments, recognizes past and present results, and predicts potential changes.
5th Grade
1. Describe how man-made and natural environments have influenced conditions
in the past.
2. Identify and define geographic issues and problems from accounts
of current
events.
6th Grade
1. Compare and contrast the influences of man-made and natural environments
upon ancient civilizations. 7th Grade
1. Explain how differing perceptions of places, people, and resources
have affected events and conditions in the past.
2. Interpret and analyze geographic
information obtained from a variety of sources (e.g., maps, directly witnessed
and surveillanced photographic and
digital data, symbolic representations [e.g., graphs, charts, diagrams, tables],
personal documents, and interviews).
3. Recognize geographic questions and understand how to plan and execute an
inquiry to answer them.
4. Explain a contemporary issue using geographic knowledge, tools, and perspectives.
8th Grade
1. Explain and evaluate how changing perceptions of place and the natural
environment have affected human behavior.
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Explain how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems.
5th Grade
1. Explain how the four provinces of New Mexico's land surface (plains,
mountains,
plateau, and basin and range) support life.
6th Grade
1. Describe how physical processes shape the environmental patterns of air,
land, water, plants and animals.
7th Grade
1. Explain how physical processes influence the formation and location
of
resources.
2. Use data to interpret changing patterns of air, land, water, plants,
and
animals.
3. Explain how ecosystems influence settlements and societies.
8th Grade
1. Explain how human activities and physical processes influence change in
ecosystems.
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Understand how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict.
5th Grade
1. Explain how physical features influenced the expansion of the United States.
6th Grade
1. Explain how human migration impacted places, societies, and civilizations.
2.
Describe, locate, and compare different settlement patterns throughout the
world.
3. Explain how cultures create a cultural landscape, locally and throughout
the world, and how these landscapes change over time.
7th Grade
1. Analyze New Mexico settlement patterns and their impact on current issues.
2.
Describe and analyze how the study of geography is used to improve our quality
of life, including urban and environmental planning.
3. Explain the accessibility to the New Mexico territory via the Santa Fe
Trail and the railroad, conflicts with indigenous peoples, and the resulting
development of New Mexico.
8th Grade
1. Explain and describe how movement of people impacted and shaped
western settlement of the United States (e.g., growth of towns and cities,
affect upon
native populations, railroads, livestock).
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Understand the effects of interactions between human and natural systems in terms of changes in meaning, use, distribution, and relative importance of resources.
5th Grade
1. Understand how resources impact daily life.
6th Grade
1. Describe how human modifications to physical environments and use
of resources in one place often lead to changes in other places.
7th Grade
1. Describe and evaluate the use and distribution of resources and
their impact
on countries throughout the world.
2. Describe how environmental events (e.g.,
hurricanes, tornados, floods) affect
human activities and resources.
8th Grade
1. Describe the differing viewpoints that individuals and groups have
with
respect to the use of resources.
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Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills, and perspectives, and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues.
1. Evaluate and select appropriate geographic representations to analyze and
explain natural and man-made issues and problems.
2. Understand the vocabulary and concepts of spatial interaction, including
an analysis of population distributions and settlements patterns.
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Analyze natural and man-made characteristics of worldwide locales; describe regions, their interrelationships, and patterns of change.
1. Analyze the interrelationships among natural and human processes that shape
the geographic connections and characteristics of regions, including connections
among economic development, urbanization, population growth, and environmental
change.
2. Analyze how the character and meaning of a place is related to its economic,
social, and cultural characteristics, and why diverse groups in society view
places and regions differently.
3. Analyze and evaluate changes in regions and recognize the patterns and
causes of those changes (e.g., mining, tourism).
4. Analyze and evaluate why places and regions are important to human identity
(e.g., sacred tribal grounds, culturally unified neighborhoods).
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Analyze the impact of people, places, and natural environments upon the past and present in terms of our ability to plan for the future.
1. Analyze the fundamental role that geography has played in human history
(e.g., the Russian winter on the defeat of Napoleon's army and the same effect
in World War II).
2. Compare and contrast how different viewpoints influence policy regarding
the use and management of natural resources.
3. Analyze the role that spatial relationships have played in effecting historic
events.
4. Analyze the use of and effectiveness of technology in the study of geography.
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Analyze how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems.
1. Analyze how the Earth's physical processes are dynamic and interactive.
2. Analyze the importance of ecosystems in understanding environments.
3. Explain and analyze how water is a scare resource in New Mexico, both in
quantity and quality.
4. Explain the dynamics of the four basic components of the Earth's physical
systems (atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere).
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Analyze and evaluate how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict.
1. Analyze the factors influencing economic activities (e.g., mining, ranching,
agriculture, tribal gaming, tourism, high tech) that have resulted in New Mexico's
population growth.
2. Analyze the effects of geographic factors on major events in United States
and world history.
3. Analyze the interrelationships among settlement, migration, population-distribution
patterns, landforms, and climates in developing and developed countries.
4. Analyze how cooperation and conflict are involved in shaping the distribution
of political, social and economic factors in New Mexico, United States, and
throughout the world (e.g., land grants, border issues, United States territories,
Israel and the Middle East, the former Soviet Union, and Sub-Saharan Africa).
5. Analyze how cultures shape characteristics of a region.
6. Analyze how differing points of view and self-interest play a role in conflict
over territory and resources (e.g., impact of culture, politics, strategic
locations, resources).
7. Evaluate the effects of technology on the developments, changes to, and
interactions of cultures.
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Analyze and evaluate the effects of human and natural interactions in terms of changes in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources in order to predict our global capacity to support human activity.
1. Compare the ways man-made and natural processes modify the environment
and how these modifications impact resource allocations.
2. Analyze how environmental changes bring about and impact resources.
3. Analyze the geographic factors that influence the major world patterns
of economic activity, economic connections among different regions, changing
alignments in world trade partners, and the potential redistribution of resources
based on changing patterns and alignments.
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